Geopolitical risk dominated Monday's session as Iran-backed Houthi militants struck Riyadh's main international airport over the weekend, killing at least 12–14 people and raising acute concerns over supply disruption in the Strait of Hormuz; Brent crude surged 1.84% to $106.65/bbl and WTI rose 2.06% to $93.74/bbl in response. President Trump's announcement of an 'energy ceasefire' between Russia and Ukraine, including a related diesel supply deal, provided limited offset as Ukrainian officials cited violations, leaving the geopolitical risk premium firmly embedded in energy and broader risk sentiment. Major central banks remain in a tightening posture following September hikes — the Fed at 3.75–4.00%, the ECB deposit rate at 2.50%, and the BoJ up 25bp — with officials including Waller and Jefferson flagging upside inflation risks and markets pricing further moves by year-end. The VIX edged up 2.49% to 15.21, reflecting modest but rising unease even as broader equity indices posted only marginal moves on thin Columbus Day liquidity.